bar:
a substance that has been made into a solid, rectangular shape

1. 枇杷 is loquat in English. A few weeks ago I learned this word from my friend. Loquat is one of my favorite fruits. There was a loquat tree in my uncle's backyard and I climbed the tree with my cousin and got the fruit.

4. Orange is called kyul (귤) in Korean. Korean girl students stayed at a Japanese house. While a Japanese mother was cutting cucumbers for supper for the girls, they were saying "kyuli, kyuli" with oranges that the mother served to them. Mother thought they were talking about cucumbers because Japanese word for cucumber is "kyuli" but she was wrong. The student talked about orange with her Korean friend, Korean word "kyul" for orange happened to be very similar  to Japanese "kyuli", which means cucumber. This is very interesteing.

7. Grapefruit juice is one of my favorite food. Grapefruit is 葡萄柚 pútaoyòu, yes this pronunciation is the one that a Taiwan young man taught me the other day. I want to remember this Chinese word.

	English	한국어	中文	日本語
1	loquat	비파열매	枇杷 pípa	枇杷（びわ）
2	apple	사과 sa-gwa	苹果 píngguǒ	林檎
3	banana	바나나 pa-na-na	香蕉 xiāngjiāo	バナナ
4	orange	귤 kyul	橙子 chéngzi	オレンジ
5	lemmon	레몬 re-mon	柠檬 níngméng	檸檬(ﾚﾓﾝ)
6	grape	포도 p'o-do	葡萄pútáo;pútao	葡萄(ﾌﾞﾄﾞｳ)
7	grapefruit	그레이프후르츠	葡萄柚 pútaoyòu	グレープフルーツ
8	cherry	버찌 po-jji	樱桃 yīngtáo	桜桃(ｻｸﾗﾝﾎﾞ)
9	peach	복숭아 pok-sung-a	桃子 táozi	桃
10	pear	배 pae	梨 lí	梨
11	strawberry	딸기 ttal-gi	草苺 cǎoméi	苺(ｲﾁｺﾞ)
12	melon	멜론 mel-ron	白兰瓜 báilánguā	メロン
13	watermelon	수박 su-bak	西瓜 xīguā	西瓜(スイカ)
14	plum	플럼(plum)	洋李 yánglǐ	プラム
15	papaya	파파야	木瓜 mùguā	パパイヤ
16	avocado	아보카도	油梨 yóulí	アボカド
17	pineapple	파인애플	凤梨  fènglí	ﾊﾟｲﾅｯﾌﾟﾙ
18	apricot	살구 sal-gu	杏 xìng	杏（あんず）
19	mango	망고	芒果 mángguǒ	マンゴー
20	coconut	야자열매 ya-ja yol-mae 코코넛	椰子yēzi	椰子実
21	chestnut	밤　pam	栗子lìzi	栗
22	fig	무화과 mu-hwa-gwa	无花果 wú|huāg|uǒ	無花果（ｲﾁｼﾞｸ）
23	persimmon	감 kam	柿子shìzi	柿

Now my father is hospitalized and had an operation to fix his broken bones with a long titanium stick. The other day he fell down and broke his bone easily because the broken point of the bone seemed seriously damaged from bone metastasis from prostate cancer. The operated cut was already closed nicely. His right thigh bone was connected but bone cells would not recover its damaged part because of bone metastasis from prostatic cancer. His whole bones have become weak so people around him should be careful when he moves from his bed to the wheelchair. He has just started to learn how to control his wheelchair.

He is 84 years so his dementia is another big problem for our family.

前立腺癌：prostatic cancer [prä-ˈsta-tik]
骨への転移：bone metastasis ［mə-ˈtas-tə-səs］（癌細胞の）〔「転移」の単数形＝metastasis、複数形＝metastases[-ˌsēz]〕
緩和医療 ：palliative[ˈpal-ē-ˌāt-iv, ˈpal-yət-] medicine

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/496917

From Nature Reviews Cancer

Osteoblasts in Prostate Cancer Metastasis to Bone

Christopher J. Logothetis; Sue-Hwa Lin

Authors and Disclosures

Posted: 01/07/2005; Nat Rev Cancer. 2005;5(1) © 2005 Nature Publishing Group

Abstract

Metastasis to bone is common in lung, kidney, breast and prostate cancers. However, prostate cancer is unique in that bone is often the only clinically detectable site of metastasis, and the resulting tumours tend to be osteoblastic (bone forming) rather than osteolytic (bone lysing). The interaction between host cells and metastatic cancer cells is an important component of organ-specific cancer progression. How can this knowledge lead to the development of more effective therapies?
kidney:腎臓
osteoblast:[ˈäs-tē-ə-ˌblast]《医》骨芽［造骨］細胞
osteoblastic (bone forming)
osteolytic (bone lysing):[äs-tē-ə-ˈlit-ik]溶骨性の

Introduction

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second leading cause of death from cancer in men. Surgical and hormonal therapies have shown beneficial effects only for early-stage, hormone-responsive disease. Cancer cells that become hormone-independent also become highly invasive, and they reach a clinical stage associated with an increased incidence of skeletal metastases as the disease progresses. Most patients with advanced prostate cancer will experience complications from bone metastases that are incurable. The involvement of the skeleton by metastatic prostate cells occurs in a predictable manner, with lesions tending to appear first in the axial skeleton and subsequently in the appendicular skeleton.^[1] Owing to its effects on both haematopoiesis and bone structure, metastasis to bone is a major cause of morbidity for patients with advanced prostate cancer. Replacement of haematopoietic tissues in the bone marrow by the metastatic prostate cancer cells leads to anaemia and increases the susceptibility to infection. Bone overgrowth can lead to pain, fractures and spinal-cord compression, the latter of which can lead to HEMIPARESIS or PARESIS.
the second leading cause of death from cancer in men
hormone-responsive :[hɔ'ːrmoun]ホルモン応答性の
hormone-independent:ホルモン非依存（性）の
invasive:侵略的な
skeletal metastases :骨格転移◆「転移」の単数形＝metastasis、複数形＝metastases
complications:合併症
incurable:〔病気が〕不治の、治療不能の
axial skeleton:（中）軸骨格
appendicular skeleton:《生物》付属肢骨格
haematopoiesis:造血、血液生成
morbidity:〔ある病気での〕死亡率
advanced prostate cancer:進行性前立腺癌
haematopoietic tissues :造血組織
bone marrow:骨髄◆【略】BM
anaemia:[əni'ːmiə]貧血（症）
spinal-cord compression:脊髄圧迫
HEMIPARESIS:《医》片側不全まひ
paresis[pəri'ːsis]:《医》不全まひ、感覚［知覚］異常

Taipei Taoyuan Airport

I went to Taiwan on business on Sunday. We had a business meeting Monday. On Tuesday we returned to Taoyuan Airport and evening we left the airport for Osaka.
I just started to learn Chinese so this business trip was really interesting to pick up Chinese words.

jichan[jī|chǎng] 机场→ 飛行場、airport
re honcha [rè hóngchá] 热红茶→hot black tea
bing cafei [bīng kāfēi] 冰咖啡→iced coffee
pijiu [píjiǔ] 啤酒→麦酒、beer
ji rou [jīròu] 鸡肉→鶏肉、chicken
nyurou [niúròu] 牛肉→牛肉、beef
nyunai [niú|nǎi] 牛奶→牛乳、milk

I saw many Chinese characters similar to Japanese Kanji or old Kanji. That is traditional Chinese.
月台 [yuètái]→駅のプラット‐ホーム,platform
巴士 [bāshì]→バス、bus
猪肉 [zhūròu]→豚肉、Pork
I saw cooked
烏鸡[wūjī]→烏骨鶏、silky fowl
水果 [shuǐguǒ]→果物、fruite
苹果 [píngguǒ]→林檎（りんご）、apple
西瓜 [xīguā]→西瓜、water melon
南瓜[nánguā]→南瓜（かぼちゃ）、squash
冬瓜[dōngguā]→冬瓜（とうがん）、winter melon
黄瓜[huánggua]→胡瓜（きゅうり）、cucumber

自强[zì|qiáng]----I saw this word when we got on the train. Its ticket reads 自强 T.C. Ltd Express. So I guess its meaning is limited express.

① eyeball 眼球, 2 pupil 瞳, 3 iris 虹彩, 4 eyelashes まつ毛, 5 eyelid　瞼, 6 eyebrow 眉毛
ごみが目に入ったような痛さ、砂粒が入ってるような痛み。目がコロコロする。これを英語では

Feeling of dirt or "grit" in the eye

というようだ。


I have had a pain between upper eyelid and eyeball sometimes for three month. The pain usually disappears daytime, eye trouble often happened when I wake up in the morning. This morning the pain occured again. So I went to see an eye doctor near my head-office. The doctor checked my eyesight. My left eyesight became worse than right eye.  It was o.3. My right eyesight was 1.2 in Japanese scale. He checked  my pupil and said it was herpes eye infection. He gave me a prescription.
herpes [hə'ːrpiːz《医》ヘルペス、疱疹

I got information on herpes eye infection on the Internet.
http://www.webmd.com/genital-herpes/guide/eye-herpes 

Herpes and the Eye

Introduction to Herpes Viruses and the Eyes

･･････
One of the viruses that cause herpetic eye disease is called the varicella-zoster virus.
･･････
herpetic eye disease
the varicella-zoster virus:水痘帯状疱疹｛すいとう おびじょう ほうしん｝ウイルス◆【略】VZV

The other virus that causes herpetic eye disease is called herpes simplex type 1. Herpes simplex type 1 is the same virus that causes cold sores on the lips and mouth. In the eye, it usually causes an infection of the cornea. This infection is called herpes simplex keratitis.
herpes simplex:単純ヘルペス［疱疹］◆【略】HS
cold sores:ヘルぺス
cornea:[kɔ'ːrniə]（眼球の）角膜
keratitis:《医》角膜炎

How Does Herpetic Eye Disease Develop?

Like many viruses, the herpes simplex 1 and varicella-zoster viruses are present in most adults. The viruses in the herpes family usually live around the nerve fibers in humans without ever causing a problem. Occasionally, the viruses will start to multiply, or they will move from one area of the body to another, and that is when herpetic disease breaks out. This often happens when the immune system of the body is weakened by some other health problem.

The problem is likely to be herpes simplex keratitis if your doctor sees these symptoms:
immune system :免疫システム、免疫機構、免疫系

• Pain in and around only one eye
• Redness of the eye
• Feeling of dirt or "grit" in the eye
• Overflowing tears
• Pain when looking at bright light
• Swelling or cloudiness of the cornea 

dirt:ごみ、ほこり、泥
grit:〔邪魔｛じゃま｝な物としてno]砂粒、固い粒

Your doctor might want to use special tests if it looks like herpetic eye disease might be present. The pressure inside the eye will probably be checked, for example. There is also a special dye called fluorescein that the doctor might put into the eye. This dye glows under ultraviolet light and will show the doctor if the virus is causing problems on the surface of the eye.

The pressure inside the eye:眼圧
fluorescein：フルオレセイン◆蛍光色素

蛍光色素の注入はなかったが、確かに眼圧を図るといって、目に機械から空気が瞬間的に吹きつけられた。単位はわからないが、右目、左目で１０，９とか、１１，１０とか言っていた。


How Is Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Treated?

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ：《医》眼部帯状疱疹｛がんぶ おびじょう ほうしん｝

Because herpes is a virus, antibiotics such as penicillin are not an effective treatment. The only drugs that will work against herpes infections are antiviral medications.

antibiotics：抗生物質
antiviral medications：抗ウイルス剤

From Wikipedia


Love your enemies.
Is he not an enemy but evil?

A great gust of indignation rose from my 4-year-old.   "They should have been more careful," she said. "They should have watched where they were going, the men flying the planes --- they shouldn't have knocked those buildings down."   My almost-7-year-old came back, all wise and knowing. "Gallen," she said anciently, "that wasn't an accident They meant to knock the buildings down."   Silence, Stubborn. "No, they don't." "Yes. They did. They wanted to kill those people. They were bad men." And I wondered. When was it, somewhere along the way, that she had discovered the presence of evil in the world? At 4, it was unthinkable. By 7, it was undeniable. She did not need fairy tales; she knew what evil looked like, smelled like, and I wondered exactly how and when that had happened --- and whether it happened sooner for children like her, born into peace and prosperity and then baptized on a beautiful fall day by cataclysm.   Now, 10 years later, the worst of the bad men (Osama bin Laden) is suddenly, finally gone. ―Where Victory Lies  by Nancy Gibbs TIME May 20, 2011  indignation：憤り、怒り anciently:昔は cataclysm[kæ'təkli`zm]:〔社会の〕大変動、激変◆社会に大きな変化をもたらすような戦争や地震などを指す。

Love your enemies It was  written by Jean-Claude Larhet, a distinguished Professor. There are 17 steps to begin with. We walk up these in order to  learn to feel no hatred for those who persecute us. "The first step, says St. John Chrysostom, is not to be the first to cause them." Then follows; take no revenge, leave revenge to God, give no resitance (turn the other cheek),... and the seventeenth is to forgive with complete sincerity, as we are taught by Christ (Mt 6:12): Forgive us our wrings, as we forgive those who wrong us. That last one is wonderful but how impossible to do! Who are our enemies? In the first place, in the New Testament, these are the enemies of Christ - the people who crucified him and put his followers to death. Saul (who later became Saint Paul) was one of these. In modern society, enemies are  state enemies, who bring war and destruction. In the business world, rivals can be enemies. Enemies can be bullies, people who treat you badly in any way - sometimes they're criminal, often it's personal and malicious. Do we have to love all these? The answer is yes. What? Yes. True, pure Christ will feel no hatred for any of these, and will, indeed, love them. For Christ, there are no "enemies". Christ's love forgives and includes all. ―Messages to my mother two by Stean Anthon St. John Chrysostom:初期キリスト教会の教父でコンスタンティノープルの大司教（347頃生～407頃没）。説教に優れ、死後に「金口の(golden mouthed)」を冠して呼ばれるようになった。 crucify:～を十字架に張り付けにする destruction:破壊、破滅 bullies:いじめっ子、がき大将 criminal:犯罪者、犯人 malicious:意地の悪い、悪意のある hatred[he'itrid]:強い嫌悪

kiss-me-at-the-gate
なんて気になる花の名前だろうか！
the Great Gatsbyの５章に出てくるこの花の名前は、その注釈によると三色スミレとあったが、そうではないようだ。※注１（後出）

 

THE GREAT GATSBY (講談社英語文庫)

• 作者: F.S. フィッツジェラルド
• 出版社/メーカー: 講談社
• 発売日: 1994/09
• メディア: 文庫

Daisy admired this aspect or that of the feudal silhouette aginst the sky, admired the gardens, the saprkling odor of jonquils and the frothy odor of hawthorn  and plum blossoms and the pale gold odor of kiss-me-at-the-gate.
jonquil[ʤɑ'ŋkwil]:《植物》キズイセン
hawthorn [hɔ'ːθɔ`ːrn]:《植物》サンザシ
kiss-me-at-the-gate 三色スミレ？


ネットで調べました、いろいろな人が私と同じにこの花の正体を調べようとしていることがわかり、少し感動した。※注２（後出）
私の結論はこの花です。　Phillip Oliverさんのブログのコメントに同感です。※注３（後出）

Lonicera fragrantissima - Winter Honeysuckle　セイヨウスイカズラ


http://www.learn2grow.com/gardeningguides/shrubs/featuredplants/WinterHoneysuckle.aspx

---

※注１（後出）


この文庫本の、翻訳家　角地幸男による、注釈によれば、三色スミレだが・・・
下記のサイトによると、三色スミレ(pansy)は、"Kiss-Me-at-the-Garden-Gate" でチョット違うのでは？

http://momgenerations.com/2011/05/may-flowers-the-pansy-on-day-129-of-365-days-of-literacy-for-kids/
The Pansy is a great favorite of poets in the matter of love, and this has given the Pansy more nicknames than most other flowers… names such as Tickle-my-Fancy, Kiss-Me-at-the-Garden-Gate, Love-in-Idleness, Jump-up-and-Kiss-Me, Flame Flower and Heartsease.  Heartsease is the most favored Pansy nickname, the flower itself reputed to ensure the love of a sweetheart.

---

---

※注３（後出）

Phillip Oliverさんのブログのコメント
http://phillipoliver.blogspot.com/2008/02/winter-honeysuckle.html

Anonymous said...

Hi Phillip,

Is the Winter Honeysuckle also know as Kiss Me At The Gate?

Liz

March 18, 2008 9:28 PM

Anonymous said...

Liz,
Yes, the old common name for winter honeysuckle is "Kiss Me At The Gate." Mine just happens to be in this location. In mid-winter the scent is captivating. Birds love this plant; the ones that visit my garden use it as a hiding place from predators and as a perch to check out food spots. My plant gets a few hours of light shade and does well. The ones I've planted in full sun here in Georgia have yellowier leaves, but denser foliage (maybe I need to feed them), and the ones in part to full shade look much scragglier.

Heather

April 17, 2009 6:24 PM

Ali Dent said...

Thanks for explaining what this plant is. I'm a literature club facilitator for classical book and we are reading The Great Gatsby. When the gate to Gatsby's house is approached, Kiss Me at the Gate is mentioned. I wanted to know if it is real or imaginary. Now I know thanks to you and if I can buy a shrub, it will serve as a reminder of the this book club selection. Thanks:)
Ali

August 28, 2010 1:20 PM

Annie in Austin said...

Very interesting! I've seen other plants mentioned as possibilities for Kiss Me At the Gate, including Centranthus ruber, but winter honeysuckle fits so much better. In the book the lilacs are bare and jonquils are appearing, so a late-winter bloomer seems just right.

Annie

August 29, 2010 6:28 PM

Post a Comment

 

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その他のKiss-me-at-the-gateのニックネームを持つ花の候補

ウェブの質問サイトに回答されていた花の名前はWinter Honeysuckleのほかに次の２つ。
1. spiderwort　ムラサキツユクサ

http://www.austinbug.com/larvalbugbio/spiderwort.html

2. Centranthus ruber
少し香りのある深紅色または白い花をつけるヨーロッパの草
European herb with small fragrant crimson or white spurred flowers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centranthus_ruber

Shiono Mari is a professional interpreter-guide in English and Spanish. She picked out English words useful for interpreter-guides p. 74. I added Chinese, Korean and Spanish words to them.

日本語	English	Chinese	Korean	Spanish
前菜	appetizer	凉菜  liángcài	전채 /jeon chae	entremés
豆腐	bean curd	豆腐  dòufu	두부 /tu pu	Tofú
蕎麦	buckwheat noodles	荞麦  qiáomài	메밀 (국수)	Soba
コロッケ	croquette [krouke't]	炸肉饼	고로케	croqueta
カ ツレツ	cutlet	炸肉排	커틀릿	chuleta
料理の材料	ingredient	饭菜的材料	식품 재료	ingrediente
生鮮食品	perishable food	新鲜食品	생선식양식(saeng seon sik yang sik)	Un perecedero
漬物	pickles	咸菜  xiáncài	채소 절임 /chae so jeol im	encurtidos
雑炊	porridge	菜粥   càizhōu	잡탕죽 /jap thang juk	gachas
つつじ	azalea [əze'iliə]	杜鹃  dùjuān	진달래 /jin tal rae	azalea
もやし	bean spout	豆芽儿  dòuyár	본점 해 /pon jeom hae	Un brote del frijol
筍	bamboo shoot	竹笋  zhú|sǔn	죽순 /juk sun	Un retoño de bambú
サボテン	cactus	仙人掌  xiānrénzhǎng	선인장 /seon in jang	Un cactus
茄子	eggplant	茄子  qiézi	가지 /gaji	berenjena
栗	chestnut	栗子  lìzi	밤 /pam	castaño
キュウリ	cucumber	黄瓜  huánggua	오이 /o i	pepino
杉	cedar [si'ːdər]	杉树  shān|shù	삼목 /sam mok	cedro
いちじく 無花果	fig	无花果  wú|huāg|uǒ	무화과나무 (mu hwa kwa na mu)	higo
白菜	Chinese cabbage	白菜  báicài	배추 /pae chu	Berza china
瓢箪	gourd [gɔ'ːrd]	葫芦  húlu	표범 탄 /phyo peom than	Una calabaza
あじさい 紫陽花	hydrangea [haidre'indʒə]	绣球花  xiù|qiú|huā	수국 /su kuk	hortensia
昆布	kelp	海带  hǎidài	다시마 /ta si ma	alga marina
レンコン	lotus root	藕  ǒu	연근 /yeon keun	Una raíz del loto
もみじ	maple	红叶  hóngyè	단풍 /tan phung	Un arce
朝顔	morning glory	喇叭花  lǎbahuā	나팔꽃 (na phal kkoch)	Una gloria de la mañana
苔	moss	苔藓  táixiǎn	이끼 /i kki	Musgo
すすき	pampas grass	芒草  mángcǎo	참억새 /cham eog sae	Un césped de la pampa japonés
柿	persimmon	柿子  shìzi	시 /si	Un persimmon
大根	radish	萝卜  luóbo	무우 (mu u)	Un rábano japonés
くるみ 胡桃	walnut	核桃  hétao	호두 (ho tu)	Una nuez
あわび 鮑	abalone [æ`bəlo'uni]	鲍鱼  bàoyú	전복 (jeon pok)	Una oreja de mar
ふぐ 河豚	globefish	河豚  hétún	복어 (pok)	Orbe
にしん 鰊	herring	鲱  fēi	청어 (cheong eo )	Un arenque
なまこ 海鼠	sea cucumber	海参  hǎishēn	해삼 (hae sam)	Un pepino del mar
うに 海栗	sea urchin	海胆  hǎidǎn	성게 /seong ke	erizo de mar
いか 烏賊	squid	墨鱼  mòyú	오징어 /o jing eo	Una sepia
ます 鱒	trout	鳟鱼  zūnyú	송어	trucha
さざえ	turban shell	蝾螺  róngluó	소라 (so ra)	cáscara del turbante
救急車	ambulance	救护车	구급차 /ku keup cha	Una ambulancia
アレルギー	allergy [æ'lərʤi]	过敏症   guò|mǐn|zhèng	알레르기 /al re reu ki	Alergia
ぜんそく 喘息	asthma [æ'zmə]	气喘  qìchuǎn	천식 (cheon sik)	Asma
気管支炎	bronchitis [brɑŋka'itis]	支气管炎	기관지염 (ki kwan ji yeom)	bronquitis
糖尿病	diabetes [da`iəbi'ːtiːz]	糖尿病  tángniàobìng	당뇨병 (tang nyo pyeong)	Diabetes
不眠症	insomnia [insɑ'mniə]	失眠症	불면증 (pul myeon jeung)	Insomnio

先日、英会話のクラブで、「blossomってどんな花」ってたずねられた。
私は、桜のようような小さい花がたくさん咲く花かなと思っていたが、その先輩は「果実の花」のこと・・・みたいなことをおっしゃってた。　調べてみた。

結果：どちらも正しい。下記の説明にもあるように、梅、桃などのサクラ属の木の花か、一本の木にさく、そのような小さな花のことであった。 次にいろいろなblossomsが出てくる文をwikipediaから引用しました。
Nectarine blossoms, peach blossoms, most cherry blossoms, and some almond blossoms are usually pink. Plum blossoms, apple blossoms, some cherry blossoms, and most almond blossoms are white.

以下、さまざまな辞書類からの説明文
（１）Cambridhe Dictionary Online
a small flower, or the small flowers on a tree or plant

（２）Wikipedia
Blossom is a term given to the flowers of stone fruit trees (genus Prunus) and of some other plants with a similar appearance that flower profusely for a period of time in spring.
stone fruit ：【植物, 植物学】 核果 《ウメ・モモなど堅い核のある果物》.
 

Stone fruits
Plums and peaches are stone fruits, so called because their juicy flesh covers a large "stone".
―p. 81 Pockets Trees written by Theresa Greenaway

genus Prunus：さくら属
profusely：豊富に、豊かに

（３）Wikipedia Blossom (disambiguation)
the flowers of stone fruit trees and of some other small plants


（４）Merriam-Webster
the flower of a seed plant; also : the mass of such flowers on a single plant
seed plant：種子植物

27 February 2011, Layth, a lecturer of Ehime University gave us a presentation on Palenstine, his country. He was a tall young man in his twenties. His smile was very nice. He prepared ten pages of material with photos for us. About twenty of us listened to him. His presentation was very interesting.

Introduction
Palestine lies on the south west of Asia on the southern part of the Mediterranean Sea, Eastern Coast. Thus, it lies in the heart of the so called ancient world, namely, Asia, Africa and Europe.
Palestine:[pæ'ləsta`in、]パレスチナ◆もと英国統治領。1948年にイスラエル、レバノン、ヨルダン、シリアに分割

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Contemporary History
1948: -NAKBA- Establishment of Israel on the land of Palestine.
1967: Israel Occupied the rest of Palestine and Parts of Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Egypt.
Contemporary History:現代史
NAKBA:"the catastrophe"
Situation now
Palestinian are living in two block (West-Bank and Gaza) which are completely separated.
Palentinian refugees are still living in refugee camps since 1948.
The total area available for Palestinians is less than 12% of the total area of Palestine.
Israel is surrounding and closing Gaza strip since over 3 years.
Palestinian:[pæ`ləsti'niən]パレスチナの、パレスチナ人（の）




Palestinian Cities
Major Palestinian cities are Jerusalem, Gaza, Hebron, Jenin, Nablus, and Ramalla..
Major Palestinian cities which are inside Israel now are Haifa, Akka, Jaffa, Bisan, Nazareth, and Ilat.
Almost all Palestinian cities have an old city in the center of the town.



Education
Obligatory education 10 years.
Secondary education 2 years.
14 universities giving BSc and MSc, and some phD programs.
Illiteracy in Palestine is the lowest in the Arab countries. 
Obligatory education :義務教育

Illiteracy：非識字、文盲〔差別語〕

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Palestine
Palestine Interim Self-Government Authority

Palestine is not on the maps which we have. However
there are people, which on the map in their souls
Palestine lie. What is right, what is standard is no just
one. I think it was this time when I started to say I
visited twenty-two countries and "regions". In the alley
of Palenstine Interim Self-Government Authority, there
are original games of many kinds that are made by
the children. The time when my eyes caught another
child's was very memorable. In the crystal, pure eye,
which has seen many things quietly, there was
strength. Though there was no common language, I
learned that there are many things that can be
communicated through smiles. When I reminisce the
smiles I saw on the streets, my soul becomes warmer
and warmer. The owner of smile is incredible.
―「たからもの」って何ですか

Palestine:[pæ'ləsta`in]パレスチナ◆もと英国統治領。1948年にイスラエル、レバノン、ヨルダン、シリアに分割
Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority： パレスチナ暫定自治政府:暫定自治
alley:裏通り、路地、小路、小道
reminisce:[re`məni's]～の思い出を語る［書く］